Fundamentals of chemistry

 Fundamentals of chemistry:

Understanding the concept of atomic structure:

Introduction:

The experimental studies conducted by Faraday, crook,j.jthomson, other on the electrical conductance of gases at very low pressure, provided that the Dalton atom is divisible and fundamentally made up of sub - atomic particles call electron, proton and neutron. 

Thomson, Rutherford,Neils Bohr others proposed different models of the arrangement of particles in the atom.

Fundamental particles of an atom:

The important fundamental particles present in the atom or electron proton and neutron.

Some important characteristics of these fundamental particales of an atom.

1 electron: 

a) electron or discovered by JJ Thomas

b) the charge of one mole of electron is1 faraday.

c) the mass of the electron is 0.005486a.m.u

2 proton: 

a) Proton was discovered by E.Goldstein. cotton was discovered in anode Ray Experiment

b) the mass of the the proton is 1.00 728 a.m.u

c) the charge of one mole of protons is 96500 coulombs

3 neutron:

a) neutron was discovered by james Chadwick.

b) the mass of a neutron is 1.008 665 a.m.u

c) the specific charge of a neutron is zero.

Atomic number and mass number:

Atomic number: the number of protons present in the nucleus of an atom is known as its atomic number.

It is centrally demanded by the letter Z.

Atomic number of an element.                        = number of protons present in the nucleus of the atom

= number of electrons present in the nucleus atom of the element.

= positive charge of the nucleus of the atom.

= serial number of the element in the periodic table.

Mass number: the sum of the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom is known as its mass number.

It is generally denoted by the letterA.

Mass number of an element is a whole number never a fraction value.

Atomic number= number of protons= number of electrons

Mass number= number of protons+                                              number of  neutrons.      

 Now we can understand the fundamental of chemistry.